• br Acknowledgements br Introduction The

  2021-12-18

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction The glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) family of multifunctional enzymes plays a particularly important role in cellular detoxification [1]. Over-expression of the GSTP1 isoform characterizes many human tumor cell lines derived from stomach, brain and co

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is a

  2021-12-18

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi

• The HH Gli pathway has been

  2021-12-18

  

  The HH-Gli pathway has been demonstrated to play an extensive role in skeletal development. India Hedgehog, derived from hypertrophic chondrocytes, and Parathyroid Hormone-like related Protein (PTHrP), derived from peri-articular chondrocytes, form a negative feedback loop to inhibit chondrocyte hyp

• Different responses in feed intake have been

  2021-12-18

  

  Different responses in feed intake have been noticed following administration of exogenous GHRL (peripherally or centrally) depending on animal species. In mammals, injection of GHRL stimulates food intake (orexigenic effect) (reviewed in Kaiya et al., 2013b). In contrast, in domestic birds, exogeno

• Xylometazoline HCl br Introduction As a fundamental

  2021-12-17

  

  Introduction As a fundamental metal-dependent hydrolytic enzyme, inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) exhibits a specific catalytic ability, in which one molecule of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) can be transformed into two orthophosphate (Pi) ions [1,2]. The process of transformation is extremely e

• The effects of FFAR and FFAR activation in

  2021-12-17

  

  The effects of FFAR1 and FFAR2 activation in different tissues have been reported in several species (Hara et al., 2014). Herein, we report the first evidence for differential expression of FFAR1 and FFAR2 during the peripartal period in the liver of dairy cows that differ in liver metabolism, based

• Ouabain br Conclusion In summary a series of

  2021-12-17

  

  Conclusion In summary, a series of novel GPR40 agonists bearing phenylpropiolic Ouabain motif with favorable metabolic stability were prepared and evaluated for their activities as GPR40 agonists. Among them, compound 9 was identified as a structurally distinct GPR40 agonist possessing potent act

• br Characterization of quantal exocytosis by amperometry A s

  2021-12-17

  

  Characterization of quantal exocytosis by amperometry A secretory vesicle experiences four phases during exocytosis: (i) cargo packaging & translocation, (ii) vesicle docking & priming; (iii) fusion pore formation; (iv) fusion pore expansion and cargo secretion (Fig. 1a). The release of monoamine

• Introduction Inorganic arsenic InAs species such as

  2021-12-17

  

  Introduction Inorganic arsenic (InAs) species such as arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV) are present in groundwater. Arsenic contaminated drinking water is a global public health issue because of its natural prevalence and toxicity. Long exposure to arsenic results in chronic effect in humans, inc

• TRAPP Transport Protein Particle complexes share a

  2021-12-17

  

  TRAPP (Transport Protein Particle) complexes share a common core architecture and function in Phos-tag and autophagy (Kim et al., 2016). In yeast, the core complex has GEF activity for the Rab1 ortholog Ypt1. The larger TRAPPII and III complexes include regulatory subunits implicated in membrane re

• As previously discussed even though glucose is

  2021-12-17

  

  As previously discussed, even though glucose is the major fuel of the brain, neuronal cells may use alternative fuels such as ketone bodies in metabolically challenging situations in which glucose availability is limited [6]. Ketogenesis takes place mainly in the liver, although astrocytes can also

• Glycogen synthase kinase GSK is currently

  2021-12-17

  

  Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is currently considered to be a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase involved in a wide spectrum of cellular processes such as glycogen metabolism, cell proliferation, neuronal function, oncogenesis or embryonic development (for recent reviews see: Rayasam et al.

• Hepcidin expression was not affected under GlyT

  2021-12-17

  

  Hepcidin expression was not affected under GlyT1 inhibition. Hepcidin downregulation is well documented in conditions of ineffective erythropoiesis and dyserythropoietic anemias, including sideroblastic anemia 33, 34. Systemic iron acquisition under these types of anemia is obviously independent fro

• There are three classes of receptors for herpes

  2021-12-17

  

  There are three classes of receptors for herpes virus gD have been described [18,24]. Among those three, herpes virus entry mediator A (HveA) is also known as HVEM. This receptor is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily [25]. The other class of receptors is HveC which is

• Pyrogallol is an organic gallic acid converting compound tha

  2021-12-17

  

  Pyrogallol is an organic gallic acid-converting compound that has three hydroxyl groups and belongs to the phenol family. Gallic SGI1776 is obtainable from the galls and barks of various trees, and a simple heating procedure can induce the decarboxylation of gallic acid to produce pyrogallol (alias:

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